Compass directions
The four main compass directions are north, east, south and west. Between them are northeast, southeast, southwest and northwest.
Learning Wiki
Geography
Continents, oceans, maps, rivers, volcanoes and climate.
Around ages 5–11
Primary
Oceans
Oceans are the huge bodies of salt water that cover most of Earth. There are five: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic.
Continents
Continents are the very large areas of land on Earth. In English-speaking schools you usually learn seven, but some countries count six.
Maps
A map is a drawing of a place seen from above. A key explains its symbols, a scale shows real distances and a compass shows direction.
Mountains
A mountain is a very high landform with steep sides and a peak. Most form when tectonic plates push together or when volcanoes build up.
Rivers
A river is a large stream of fresh water that flows downhill from its source, often in hills or mountains, to its mouth at a sea, lake or another river.
Volcanoes
A volcano is an opening in Earth's crust where hot melted rock, gases and ash escape. Over time the cooled lava and ash can build a mountain.
Countries
A country is an area of land with its own borders, government and laws. Most lists count 195 countries in the world today.
Earthquakes
An earthquake is a sudden shaking of the ground. It happens when rocks along a crack in Earth's crust, called a fault, suddenly slip past each other.
Capital cities
A capital city is the city where a country's government is based. It is not always the biggest city: Nigeria's capital is Abuja, not Lagos.
Climate
Climate is the usual pattern of weather in a place over many years, usually 30 or more. Weather is what is happening in the sky today.
Latitude and longitude
Latitude and longitude are imaginary lines on Earth. Latitude measures how far north or south of the Equator you are; longitude how far east or west.