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Maths · Ages 7–8 · 50 minutes

Column addition with exchanging

Children add two-digit numbers using the column method, lining up digits by place value and exchanging ten ones for one ten.

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Success criteria

  • I can line up tens and ones
  • I can add the ones first
  • I can exchange ten ones for a ten

Key vocabulary

  • column
  • tens
  • ones
  • add
  • exchange
  • carry
  • digit
  • estimate

You will need

  • base-ten blocks
  • place-value mats
  • squared paper
  • mini whiteboards

Curriculum links

  • Year 3· England
  • Grade 2· United States
  • Primary 3· Nigeria
  • Class 3· India

Practice sheets

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The lesson at a glance

50 minutes in all. Timings are a guide: follow your class.

  1. Step 1: Starter

    Quick place-value check on whiteboards: "How many tens and ones in 47?
    8 minutes

  2. Step 2: Teach

    Write 34 + 25. "First, estimate.
    14 minutes

  3. Step 3: Guided practice

    Children work on squared paper, with blocks available.
    10 minutes

  4. Step 4: Independent practice

    Use the practice buttons above.
    14 minutes

  5. Step 5: Plenary

    Show this on the board: | | Tens | Ones | |---|---|---| | | 5 | 6 | | + | 2 | 7 | | = | 7 | 13 | "Tom says 56 + 27 = 713.
    4 minutes

  6. Step 6: Assessment for learning

    Look for children who: line digits up by place value, especially when one number has one digit; add the ones column first; exchange correctly and add the exchanged ten; check answers against an estimate.

  7. Step 7: Differentiation

    Children who need support should build every question with blocks alongside the written method until the exchange feels natural.

  8. Step 8: Common misconceptions

    Writing both digits of the ones total in the answer (713).

  9. Step 9: Home link

    Add two prices or scores together at home by writing them in columns, and estimate first.

1.Starter

8 minutes

Quick place-value check on whiteboards: "How many tens and ones in 47? In 60? In 18?" Then two mental additions: 30 + 40, and 6 + 7. Ask, "What's special about 6 + 7?" (It makes more than ten.)

2.Teach

14 minutes

Write 34 + 25. "First, estimate. About 30 + 25, so a bit more than 55." Build both numbers with blocks on a place-value mat, tens on the left, ones on the right.

"Column addition: write the numbers one under the other, tens under tens and ones under ones. Then add the ones first." Write it out on squared paper, one digit per square.

"4 ones and 5 ones make 9 ones. 3 tens and 2 tens make 5 tens. 59." Compare with the estimate: close, so sensible.

Now one with an exchange: 47 + 28. Build it. "7 ones and 8 ones make 15 ones. That's more than 9, so it won't fit in one column. I exchange ten ones for one ten." Swap ten ones cubes for a tens rod. "Now I have 5 ones, and one extra ten. I write the 5 in the ones column and the extra 1 under the line in the tens column."

"Tens: 4 + 2 + the 1 I exchanged = 7 tens. 75."

Step by step

  1. Estimate firstRound each number to the nearest ten.
  2. Line up the columnsOne digit per square, tens under tens and ones under ones.
  3. Add the onesIf you get 10 or more, exchange ten ones for a ten and write that 1 in the tens column.
  4. Add the tensIncluding any exchanged ten. Check against your estimate.

The rest of the plan

Guided and independent practice, the plenary, assessment for learning, differentiation, common misconceptions and the home link are free with a Crayonbird account.

  1. Guided practice10 minutes
  2. Independent practice14 minutes
  3. Plenary4 minutes
  4. Assessment for learning
  5. Differentiation
  6. Common misconceptions
  7. Home link
See the whole plan, free

Learning Wiki

Addition

Addition is putting amounts together to find a total. The sign is +, and the answer is called the sum or total, so 4 + 3 = 7.

Number bonds

Number bonds are pairs of numbers that add up to a given total, like 3 and 7 making 10. Knowing them by heart makes adding and subtracting much faster.

Pictograms

A pictogram shows data using small pictures or symbols. A key tells you what each picture is worth, such as one apple standing for 2 apples. In the US it is often called a picture graph.

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