Good readers do not just accept arguments. They evaluate the evidence: Is it relevant to the claim? Is there enough of it? Is it from a reliable source? Is anything important left out?
A text about the bystander effect is more convincing because it acknowledges limits: it notes that, in many real incidents, at least one bystander does help. Admitting complexity can make a writer more credible, not less.
Watch out for weak evidence: a single anecdote presented as proof, vague statistics (“many people say”), emotional language without facts, or unfair treatment of opposing views.
Worked example
Which is the weakest evidence? A: a study of 2,000 students. B: “My cousin says it works.” C: data from several schools.
- A and C involve many people and measured results.
- B is a single, personal opinion.
Answer:B
Key words
- sufficient
- enough
- anecdote
- a short personal story
- bias
- unfairly favouring one side
New questions every time.
Common Core-referenced: RI.8.8, RI.8.5