An argument has a claim (the writer's main position), reasons (why the claim is true) and evidence (facts, statistics, expert views and examples). A strong writer also answers counter-arguments.
In an article arguing for later school start times, the claim is that schools should start later. One reason is biology: teenagers' body clocks shift. The evidence includes how melatonin works and how many hours of sleep experts recommend.
To evaluate the argument, ask: Is the evidence relevant and sufficient? Are opinions presented as facts? Has the writer dealt fairly with the other side?
Worked example
Which would most strengthen an argument for later start times? A: a photo of an alarm clock. B: data comparing grades before and after a school changed its start time.
- Strong evidence must be relevant and measurable.
- Data on results directly tests the claim.
Answer:B
Key words
- claim
- the main position in an argument
- reason
- why the claim is true
- evaluate
- judge how good or convincing something is
New questions every time.
Common Core-referenced: RI.7.8, RI.7.6